Editing Temporal Contiguity Principle (section)

=='''Overview'''==
“''The temporal contiguity principle is that people learn more deeply from a multimedia message when corresponding animation and narration are presented simultaneously rather than successively''.” <ref>Mayer, R. E., & Fiorella, L. (2014). Principles for reducing extraneous processing in multimedia learning: Coherence, signaling, redundancy, spatial contiguity, and temporal contiguity principles. In R. Mayer (Ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of Multimedia Learning (2nd ed., pp. 279–315). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</ref>. Mayer called the presentation of the picture and the picture commentary at the same a time as "simultaneous presentation", and the separate presentation of the two at two different times as "successive presentation" <ref>Mayer, R. (2009). Temporal Contiguity Principle. In Multimedia Learning (pp. 153-170). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511811678.011</ref>. 

'''Theoretical Rationale:''' In the mode of synchronous presentation of information, speech and vision are simultaneously processed in different information processing channels to form verbal representations and visual representations respectively, which is beneficial for learners to combine the formed two representations in working memory, thereby establishing an internally coherent mental representation. When the corresponding parts of the narration and animation are separated in time, it is unlikely that learners will retain both in working memory at the same time due to the very limited capacity of either channel of working memory and the short duration of information stored in working memory. The learner's mental representation, therefore, the learner is less likely to make a mental connection between the verbal and visual representations. <ref>Mayer, R. (2001). Temporal Contiguity Principle. In ''Multimedia Learning'' (pp. 96-112). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139164603.007</ref>