Editing Dual coding theory (section)

== '''Design Implications''' ==

Instructional media materials utilizing DCT are also applicable to beginning second-language learners. Wong & Samudra (2019) use within-subjects design to examine the effects of verbal and visual media on 43 preschool bilingual learners (DLLs) from varied ethnic origins learning a non-native language. DLLs would watch "Sesame Street" vocabulary instructional videos. Dual coding ensures visual and auditory consistency, such as when an athlete appears on the screen and a character says, "That's the athlete, Elmo!". DLLs were able to detect more words taught on-screen measured by eye-tracing when the material was dually encoded compared to non-dual coding (visual–auditory incongruence), particularly if they're English-challenged. 

Another example is the starter learning mode on Duolingo, which presents vocabulary, images, and audio all at once in accordance with the two channels indicated by DCT, like the word "apple" is accompanied by an image of an apple and an audio pronunciation. For novices learning L2 on-screen, consistent visual and aural information sources might act as crucial compensatory scaffolding to enhance learners' recognition and understanding of vocabulary.