Editing Multimedia Principle (section)

=='''Design Implication'''==
[[File:Excel Course Origin.png|thumb|300x300px|'''Excel Course Origin''']]
[[File:Excel Course Revised.png|thumb|300x300px|'''Excel Course Revised''']]
==='''''How a Bicycle Pump Works'''''===

Giving an example of the implication of the multimedia principle to the representation of how a car's braking system works, and how the pump work. In one study, learners read an accurate verbal description of how a bicycle pump works(Figure 4.7), while others read the same verbal description and viewed a diagram depicting the same steps(Figure 4.8). 

The study shows that in all eleven comparisons, learners who received a multimedia lesson consisting of words and pictures performed better on a subsequent [[transfer]] test than students who received the same information in words alone. Across the eleven studies, people who learned from words and graphics produced between 55 percent to 121 percent more correct solutions to [[transfer]] problems than people who learned from words alone.

Also, Butcher (2006) found that people developed a deeper understanding of how the human heart works from text with simple illustrations than from text alone. We call this finding the [https://ectwiki.online/index.php?title=Multimedia_effect '''multimedia effect''']—people learn more deeply from words and graphics than from words alone. In a recent review, Fletcher and Tobias (2005, p. 128) concluded: “The multimedia principle, which suggests that learning and understanding are enhanced by adding pictures to text rather than presenting text alone, appears to be well supported by findings from empirical research.” The multimedia effect establishes the potential for multimedia lessons to improve human learning.

==='''''E-Learning Excel Design'''''===

Another example illustrates how the multimedia principle help to improve the design of instruction. Ben, the project programmer, works quickly converting the classroom lecture notes into HTML. He proudly shows the team his first-draft storyboards, such as the one shown in Figure Excel Course Origin. However, after the discussion with other group members, Ben revised the Excel with visuals and words. The comparison of the original version and the revised version allows us to clearly see the implication of the multimedia principle. 

===[https://www.wikihow.com/Fix-an-iPhone-Screen '''''How to Fix an iPhone Screen''''']===

The example of the 'How to Fix an iPhone Screen'shows a series of transformational diagrams with instructional languages that explain how to fix an iPhone screen following the steps. The diagrams allow learners to depict and learn the correct instructions without making mistakes, while only the word description may cause external processing in learners working memories which takes them more time to operate or even leads to the wrong result.