Experiential Learning

Overview

Experiential learning builds on the work of Piaget, Lewin and Dewey . It consists of several models that stress the importance of direct experience and reflective observation

Kolb's Experiential Learning Model

Kolb's Learning Stages

David Kolb proposed that experience was critical in developing knowledge construction, as learning occurs through discovery and active participation. Kolb defined learning as “the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience” (Kolb, 1984).

Stages of Learning

According to Kolb's experiential learning model, there are four stages central to experiential learning.

1. Concrete Experimentation - In this stage, each learner engages in an activity or task, which may be completely new or a reimagined experienced of the past. For learning to take place, the student must actively engage in the task

1. Reflective Observation - - The learner in this stage steps back from the task to reflect on the task experience. This stage allows the learner to analyse the findings of the data and information collected while performing the task and reflecting on it.

1. Abstract Conceptualization
2. Active Experimentation

Critique

One critique is that the model oversimplifies the learning process by assuming that it occurs linearly and sequentially while learning is often more complex and iterative in reality . Additionally, the model may not adequately account for individual differences in learning styles and preferences and may not apply to all learning situations.

Secondly, the model is too focused on cognitive processes and may neglect the role of affective and motivational factors in learning. For example, emotions, attitudes, and beliefs may significantly shape an individual's learning experience, but the model does not explicitly account for these factors.

Lastly, the model is overly prescriptive and may not allow for the flexibility and creativity necessary for effective learning. By emphasizing a particular learning cycle, the model may not adequately account for the diverse approaches and strategies that individuals may use to learn and problem-solve.