Editing Learning emotions (section)

=== Emotions as facilitators of learning ===
Knörzer et al <ref>Knörzer, L., Brünken, R., & Park, B. (2016). Emotions and multimedia learning: The moderating role of learner characteristics. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 32(6), 618–631.</ref> posit that emotions as a facilitator-of-learning hypothesis assume that emotion fosters information processing. Studies <ref>Erez, A., & Isen, A. M. (2002). The influence of positive affect on the components of expectancy motivation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(6), 1055–1067 <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.6.1055</nowiki>.</ref> have suggested that positive emotions have a positive impact on information processing. Moreover, emotions also expand the scope of attention while learning <ref>Chung, S., Cheon, J., & Lee, K. W. (2015). Emotion and multimedia learning: An investigation of the effects of valence and arousal on different modalities in an instructional animation. Instructional  Science, 43(5), 545–559.</ref>. Um, et al. <ref>Um, E., Plass, J. L., Hayward, E. O., & Homer, B. D. (2012). Emotional design in multimedia learning. Journal of Educational

Psychology, 104(2), 485–498.</ref> argued that emotion facilitates working memory processes, e.g. memory encoding. Positive emotions also facilitate retrieving information from long-term memory by serving as a cue <ref>Isen, A.M., Thomas, E.S., Clark, M., & Karp, L. (1978). Affect, accessibility of material in memory, and behavior: A cognitive loop? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,36(1), 1–12. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.36.1.1</nowiki></ref>. This also results in better learning taking place in a positive state of mind <ref>Rader, N., & Hughes, E. (2005). The influence of affective state on the performance of a block design task in 6- and 7-year-old children. Cognition & Emotion, 19(1), 143–150 <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930441000049</nowiki>.</ref>. Learners are also able to form associations with their prior knowledge with the help of positive emotions, thereby contributing to meaningful learning as a result of deeper understanding.